Use value: The use value of a good (say, X) is the maximum amount
of other goods willingly paid for acquiring good X.
°²¦p§Ú¡u³Ì¦hÄ@·N¤ä¥I¡v 3 ÓÄ«ªG¥H´«¨ú 1 °¦»¿¼¡A«h§Ú¹ï»¿¼ªº¨Ï¥Î»ùÈ«K¬O 3 ÓÄ«ªG¡C¯d·N¡A¬O¡u³Ì¦hÄ@·N¤ä¥I¡vªº¶q¡A¤£¬O¡u©Ò¶·¤ä¥I¡vªº¶q¡C
¬°¬Æ»ò¤@¥óª««~ªº¨Ï¥Î»ùȬO«ü¡u³Ì¦hÄ@·N¤ä¥I¡vªº¨ä¥Lª««~ªº¶q¡H±i¤±`±Ð±Â´¿¹ï¦¹¸ÑÄÀ¡A¨ä¤j·N¦p¤U¡G
When a person is willing to pay, at maximum,
$10 to buy a good, the value of the good must be worth of $10; otherwise,
he will not be willing to pay $10 for it.
«ö±Ð±Â©Ò»¡¡G·í§Ú³Ì¦hÄ@·N¤ä¥I $10 ÁʶRÄ«ªG¡A§Y¥Nªí³oÄ«ªGªº»ùÈ¥²¤£¤Ö©ó $10¡A¤£µM§Úµ´¤£·|Ä@·N¥I¥X $10 ÁʶR¡C¥H¦¹±Àºâ¡G·í§ÚÌÄ@·N¤ä¥Iªº¥N»ù·U°ª¡Aª««~ªº»ùÈ«K·U°ª¡C²³æ¨Ó»¡¡G±Ð±ÂµL«D¬O«ü¥X¡u¨Ï¥Î»ùÈ¡vªº©w¸q¬O
"self-evident (¤£¸Ñ¦Û©ú)" ªº¡A¨ÃµL»¡©ú¥H "maximum amount willingly
paid" ¬°¡u¨Ï¥Î»ùÈ¡vªº©w¸q¦b¤ÀªR¦æ¬°¤W¦³¦ó§@¥Î¡C
n¸ÑÄÀ±N¡u¨Ï¥Î»ùÈ¡v©w¸q¬° "maximum amount willingly paid" ªº§@¥Î¦ó¦b¡A¹ê«D¤T¨¥¨â»y¥i»¡±o²M·¡¡A¦b³oùؼȥB²¤¹L¡CÅý§ÚÌ¥ý±µ¨ü³o©w¸q©M¥H¦¹¤¶²Ð¹L¤@¨Ç¦³Ãö¡u¨Ï¥Î»ùÈ¡vªº²z½×«á¡A¦A¸Ô²Ó°Q½×§a¡C
Marginal use value (MUV), Total use value (TUV) ,
& Average use value (AUV)
ª««~ªº»ùÈ¥i¥H "Total" , "Average" ©M "Marginal"
ªº¨¤«×ªí¹F¡C½Ð¬Ý¤Uªí¡G
Ä«ªGªºÃä»Ú»ùÈ ( MUV) ¬O«ü¦b´«¨ú¡u¦h¤@Ó¡vÄ«ªG®É¡A¡u³Ì¦hÄ@·N¤ä¥I¡vªº¨ä¥Lª««~ªº¶q¡C¦b¤Wªí¡A²Ä 1 ÓªºÃä»Ú»ùÈ = $10¡A¥Nªí§Ú̳̦hÄ@·N¤ä¥I
$10 ¥H´«¨ú³oÄ«ªG¡C
Á`»ùȬOÃä»Ú»ùȪº©M¡C¦p¤Wªí¡A4 ÓÄ«ªGªºÁ`»ùÈ = $10 + $8 + $6 + $4 = $28¡C(½Ð§ä¥X¤WªíªÅ®æªºÁ`»ùÈ¡A¨Ã¶ñ¤Jªí¤º¡C)
¥§¡»ùÈ = Á`»ùÈ ¡Ò ¼Æ¶q (½Ð§ä¥X¤WªíªÅ®æªº¥§¡»ùÈ¡A¨Ã¶ñ¤Jªí¤º¡C)
Law of diminsihing marginal value
¸gÀپǰ²³]·í¬Yª««~ªº¼Æ¶q¼W¥[®É¡A¨Ï¥Î»ùȱN¤U°¡C¦p¤Wªí¡A·íÄ«ªG·U¦h¡A¡uÓ¤H¡v©ÒÄ@·N¤ä¥Iªºª÷ÃB«K·U¤Ö (¥Ñ³Ìªìªº $10 ¤£Â_¤U°)
¡C³o°²³]ºÙ¬°¡uÃä»Ú»ùÈ»¼´î©w«ß¡v(Law of diminsihing marginal value)¡C
Ãä»Ú»ùȪº¦h¤Ö¬O¨ú¨M©ó¡u²{¦³¼Æ¶q ¡v (endowment) ªº¡A¼Æ¶q·U¦h¡A«hÃä»Ú»ùÈ·U§C¡C
¦Ò¦Ò§A¡G
ÃD¤@¡G Y¬YªF¦èªº¼Æ¶q¼W¥[¡AÃä»Ú»ùÈ·|¤U°¡A«h¸gÀÙª««~
(scarce good) ªºÃä»Ú»ù»Ú¦³¥i¯à·|¬O¹s¡A¤]¥i¥H¬Ot¼Æ¡C§A¦P·N¶Ü¡H
ÃD¤G¡G §K¶Oª««~ (free
good) ªºÃä»Ú»ùÈ©MÁ`»ùÈ¥²©wµ¥©ó¹s¡A¦]¬°§Ṳ́£·|Ä@·N¥I¥X¥ô¦ó¥N»ù´«¨ú§K¶Oª««~¡C§A¦P·N¶Ü¡H
ÃD¤T¡G ·í¸gÀÙª««~ªº¼Æ¶q·U¦h¡A»ùÈÀ³¸Ó·U¤Ö¡C§A¦P·N¶Ü¡H