¹Ï¹³±Ð«Ç : x-y §¤¼Ð¥­­±¹Ï¦b¸gÀپǤWªºÀ³¥Î¡C


Independent variable
and dependent variable

¦b y = f(x) ¤¤¡Ax ¤Î y ¤À§O¬O¦ÛÅÜ¼Æ (independent variable) ©M­ÊÅÜ¼Æ (dependent variable)¡C¨ä·N«ä¬O y ­È·|¦]À³ x ­ÈªºÅܰʦӧïÅÜ¡C

¼Æ¾Çªº¤@¯ë¼gªk·|§â independent variable ©M dependent variable ¤À§O©ñ¦b x ¶b¤Î y ¶b¡C¥H»Ý¨D¨ç¼Æ (Demand function) ¬°¨Ò¡A¦]¬°»Ý¨D¶q¨ü»ù®æ¼vÅT¡A©Ò¥H»ù®æ (P) ¬O independent variable¡A¦Ó»Ý¨D¶q (Q) ¬O dependent variable¡C

¦Ò¦Ò±z¡G«ö¼Æ¾Çªº¤@¯ë¼gªk¡A»Ý¨D¦±½u¤¤ªº»ù®æÀ³©ñ¦bx¶b¡AÁÙ¬Oy¶b¡H

x ¶b        y ¶b 

Exogenous and endogenous variable

¤@­Ó¸gÀÙ¼Ò«¬ªºÅܼƥi¤À¬°¤º¥ÍÅÜ¼Æ (endogenous variable) ¤Î¥~¥ÍÅÜ¼Æ (exogenous variable) ¨âÃþ¡C

¥~¥ÍÅܼƪº¼Æ­È¬O¤wª¾ (given or autonomous)¡F¦Ó¤º¥ÍÅܼƪº¼Æ­È«h¥Ñ¼Ò«¬¥»¨­­pºâ¥X¨Ó¡C

¨Ò¤l¡G¥H x-y ¹Ï¤ÀªR¦b®ü¬v¤½¶é¤@¤Ñªº®ø¶O¤ä¥X¡C

³]¤U¦C¥|ÂI¬O¼vÅT®ø¶O¤ä¥X(E)ªºÅܼơG

(a) ¶¼¥Î¨T¤ôªº¼Æ¶q (q) (³]¨C³æ¦ì $5)

(b) ª±¾÷°Ê¹CÀ¸ªº¦¸¼Æ (g) (§K¶O)

(c) ÁʶR¬ö©À«~ªº¼Æ¶q (s) (³]¨C³æ¦ì $20)

(d) ¤J³õ¶O (³]¨C¦¸ $100)

­Y§Ú­Ì¥Î x-y ¹Ïªí¹F¡u¶¼¥Î¨T¤ôªº¼Æ¶q¡v¹ï¡u®ø¶O¤ä¥X¡vªº¼vÅT¡A«h¡u¶¼¥Î¨T¤ôªº¼Æ¶q¡v¬°¦ÛÅܼơAÀ³©ñ¦b x¶b¡F¦Ó¡u®ø¶O¤ä¥X¡v«h¬°­ÊÅܼơAÀ³©ñ¦b y¶b¡C¦Ó¥~¥ÍÅܼƫh¥y¬A¡u¤J³õ¶O¡v¤Î¡uÁʶR¬ö©À«~ªº¼Æ¶q¡v¡C

¨Ò¤l¡G
­Y¤wª¾ÁʶR¬ö©À«~ªº¼Æ¶q¬° 2¡A«h
E= 100 + 20 ¡Ñ 2+ 5q
E=140 + 5q¡C

­Y¥~¥ÍÅܼƦp¡uÁʶR¬ö©À«~ªº¼Æ¶q¡vÅܬ° 4¡A«h
E = 100 + 20 ¡Ñ 4 + 5q¡C
E = 180 + 5q

¦Ò¦Ò±z¡G¥H x-y ¹Ïªí¹F¡uª±¾÷°Ê¹CÀ¸ªº¦¸¼Æ¡v¹ï¡u®ø¶O¤ä¥X¡vªº¼vÅT¡C

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Econman (5 /9 / 2000)

 

 

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x-y §¤¼Ð¥­­±¹Ï¦b¸gÀپǤWªºÀ³¥Î

 


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A-Level content

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