¦@¥Îª««~ ¡Ð ¤½Àï¤Ò¤Hªºªá¶é (¤W½g)
±q«e¦³¤@Ó¤½Àï¡A¥Lªº¡u¥¿«Ç¡v¦b¦í³Bªþªñ¿³«Ø¤F¤@Óªá¶é¡A¥u¨Ñ¦o©M¤½Àï¨â¤H½àªá¹CÄý¡C¦o°£¹ï½àªá¦³¿³½ì¥~¡A¤]·R¬ã¨s¸gÀÙ²z½×¡C
¬Y¤é¡A¤½À諸¦m¤ln¨D¨ìªá¶é¤@¹C¡A¤½Àï¤fùصª¤¹¡A¤ßùØ«o½Lºâ«ç¼Ë»¡ªA¥¿«ÇµªÀ³¦m¤lªºn¨D¡C³Ì«á¥L²×©ó©w¥Xµ¦²¤¨Ï¥¿«Ç¤¹³\¡C¥L¶]¨ì¥¿«Çªº¹ì«Ç¡A»¡n¦Ò¸û¦oªº¸gÀÙ²z½×¡C½Ð§A¤]¸Õ¸Õ¦^µª¤U¤@¸`ªº°ÝÃD¡A¨Ã©M¡u¥¿«Ç¡vªºµª®×¤ñ¤@¤ñ¡C(·í§A§@¥X¿ï¾Ü«á¡A¥¿«Çªºµª®×«K·|¥X²{¡C)
¤½Àﻡ¡G²{¦bªá¶é¤v¸g¿³«Ø¦n¡AY¦h¤@Ó¥bÓ¤H¥i¨ìªá¶é¹Cª±¡A¦Ó³o¤H¤£·|¯}Ãa¥ô¦ó³]¬I¡A¤£·|¼vÅT§A¡A¤S¤£·|n§AÃB¥~©Û©I¡A¨º»ò
........
ÃD¤@¡G¤½¶éªºÁ`¨Ï¥Î»ùÈ·|¼W¥[ÁÙ¬O´î¤Ö¡H
ÃD¤G¡G¨Ï¥Î©Î¥´²zªá¶éªº¦¨¥»·|§_¦]¦¹¤W¤É©O¡H
ÃD¤T¡GªÀ·|¾ãÅ骺±o¯q¬O°ª¤FÁÙ¬O§C¤F¡H
¦@¥Îª««~
·í¤@¥óª««~¥i¨Ñ¦h¤H¦P®É¨É¥Î¡A¦Ó¤¬¬Û¤£·|¼vÅT¹ï¤è©Ò±oªº¶q©M¹ï¸Óª««~ªº»ùÈ (use value)
®É¡A³o¥óª««~«K¬O¡u¦@¥Îª««~ (public good)¡v¡C
¥Ñ©ó¦h¤@Ó¤H¨Ï¥Î¤]¤£·|¼vÅT¸Óª««~ªº¼Æ¶q¡A©M¤£·|¼vÅT¨ä¥L¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¹ï¸Óª««~ªº»ùÈ¡A¦@¥Îª««~À³¨ã³Æ¥H¤U¯S©Ê¡G
- ·í¦@¥Îª««~ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼W¥[¡A¥¦ªºÁ`»ùÈÀ³¸Ó¼W¥[¡C
- ¨Ï¥Î (¤£¬O¥Í²£) ¦@¥Îª««~ªºÃä»Ú¥N»ùÀ³µ¥©ó¹s (marginal cost of serving an additional
user is zero)¡C
¥¿¦p¤Wzªºªá¶é¡A¤S©Î¤@ªK¤v¶}µÛ¤Fªº¥úºÞ¡A¦h¤@өΤ֤@Ó¤H¦P®É¨É¥Î¡A¤£·|¼W¥[¡u¨Ï¥Î¦¨¥»¡v¡A¦ý«o·|¨ÏÁ`»ùÈ´£°ª¡A¦]¦¹¡AY¤£¦Ò¼{¥Í²£ªº¦]¯À¡A·í¤@¥ó¦@¥Îª««~¤v¦s¦b®É¡AÅý¦h¨Ç¤H¨Ï¥Î¦@¥Îª««~¥i¬°ªÀ·|±a¨Ó¡u²b±o¯q¡v
(net gain)¡C
«á¸Ü¡G
µ²ªG¥¿«Ç¤´µM©Úµ´¤F¤½À諸n¨D¡C¥¿«Ç¦p¦¹»¡¡G¡u§A¿ù¤F¡A§Úªºªá¶é¤£¬O¦@¥Îª««~¡A§Ú¨£¨ì¦o«K¤£¶}G¡AÅý¦o¨Ó·|¨Ï§Úªº¨Ï¥Î»ùȤj´T¤U°¡IÁÙ¦³¡A´Nºâ§Úªºªá¶é¯uªº¬O¦@¥Îª««~¡A¦oªº¦s¦b¤£¼vÅT§Ú¡A§Ú¬°¬Æ»ònÅý¦o¦Y§K¶O¤ÈÀ\©O¡I¡v
Åý§Aµû¤@µû¡A¬O¤½À諸¸gÀÙ²z½×°ª©ú¡AÁÙ¬O¥¿«Ç°ª©ú¡I
¬ÛÃö¤å³¹¡G
¦@¥Îª««~
¡Ð µsª© (1) (½Ð¦Ü¹ê¾Ô½g)
¤½Àï¤Ò¤Hªºªá¶é (¤¤½g)
(Econman 28 / 11 / 2000)